Cindy Sherman is an American photographer and film director, based in New York City, celebrated for staged self-portraits in which she acts as her own author, director, makeup artist, and model. Her breakthrough series, Untitled Film Stills (1977-1980), evoked B-movies and film noir; later bodies of work include Centerfolds, Fairy Tales, Sex Pictures, and Society Portraits, all probing identity, representation, and the construction of femininity. Her photographs are held by the Museum of Modern Art, the Metropolitan Museum of Art, and Tate Modern, and have appeared in the Venice Biennale and Whitney Biennial. She received a MacArthur Fellowship in 1995 and directed the film Office Killer in 1997; in 2011 her Untitled #96 sold for $3.89 million, then a record for a photograph at auction.