Socrates Sculpture Park is an outdoor museum and public park on the Astoria, Queens waterfront, established in 1986 by sculptor Mark di Suvero on a former landfill and illegal dumpsite. After operating with temporary status, it was granted permanent parkland status by the city in 1998. The park is the largest outdoor space in New York City dedicated to exhibiting sculpture, presenting large-scale works and multimedia installations by artists selected through open-air studio residencies and other programs. It also runs arts education, job training, and free public programming such as an outdoor film series and a summer farmers market, and maintains a rotating billboard installation at its entrance that has run since 1999.